Home affordability by state

The same house takes a different bite out of your future depending on where you pay income tax. Each page below runs the full simulation — market crashes, job-loss risk, federal and state taxes, and the complete carrying cost of owning — for an identical illustrative household, so the only thing that changes between states is the tax drag. Pick a state to see what it does to purchase-price headroom and financial-independence odds, then run it with your own numbers.

All fifty states and Washington, D.C. are covered, each with its 2025 statutory income tax parameters encoded. Nine states levy no income tax at all — what that's actually worth to a buyer is its own page.

• AlabamaGraduated · ≈4.8% effective at $220,000
• AlaskaNo state income tax
• ArizonaFlat · ≈2.2% effective at $220,000
• ArkansasGraduated · ≈3.8% effective at $220,000
• CaliforniaGraduated · ≈5.7% effective at $220,000
• ColoradoFlat · ≈3.8% effective at $220,000
• ConnecticutGraduated · ≈4.9% effective at $220,000
• DelawareGraduated · ≈5.9% effective at $220,000
• FloridaNo state income tax
• GeorgiaFlat · ≈4.6% effective at $220,000
• HawaiiGraduated · ≈5.8% effective at $220,000
• IdahoFlat · ≈4.9% effective at $220,000
• IllinoisFlat · ≈5% effective at $220,000
• IndianaFlat · ≈3% effective at $220,000
• IowaFlat · ≈3.8% effective at $220,000
• KansasGraduated · ≈5.3% effective at $220,000
• KentuckyFlat · ≈3.9% effective at $220,000
• LouisianaFlat · ≈2.7% effective at $220,000
• MaineGraduated · ≈5.7% effective at $220,000
• MarylandGraduated · ≈4.7% effective at $220,000
• MassachusettsFlat · ≈5% effective at $220,000
• MichiganFlat · ≈4.3% effective at $220,000
• MinnesotaGraduated · ≈5.6% effective at $220,000
• MississippiGraduated · ≈4.1% effective at $220,000
• MissouriGraduated · ≈4% effective at $220,000
• MontanaGraduated · ≈4.9% effective at $220,000
• NebraskaGraduated · ≈4.4% effective at $220,000
• NevadaNo state income tax
• New HampshireNo state income tax
• New JerseyGraduated · ≈4.5% effective at $220,000
• New MexicoGraduated · ≈3.9% effective at $220,000
• New YorkGraduated · ≈5% effective at $220,000
• North CarolinaFlat · ≈3.8% effective at $220,000
• North DakotaGraduated · ≈1% effective at $220,000
• OhioGraduated · ≈2.8% effective at $220,000
• OklahomaGraduated · ≈4.3% effective at $220,000
• OregonGraduated · ≈8.3% effective at $220,000
• PennsylvaniaFlat · ≈3.1% effective at $220,000
• Rhode IslandGraduated · ≈4% effective at $220,000
• South CarolinaGraduated · ≈5.1% effective at $220,000
• South DakotaNo state income tax
• TennesseeNo state income tax
• TexasNo state income tax
• UtahFlat · ≈4.6% effective at $220,000
• VermontGraduated · ≈4.9% effective at $220,000
• VirginiaGraduated · ≈5.2% effective at $220,000
• WashingtonNo state income tax
• Washington, D.C.Graduated · ≈6.6% effective at $220,000
• West VirginiaGraduated · ≈4.4% effective at $220,000
• WisconsinGraduated · ≈4.5% effective at $220,000
• WyomingNo state income tax